Monel Alloy

Monel Alloy

Monel alloy (Monel 400 / K-500) is a nickel-copper based corrosion-resistant alloy. It boasts high strength and good ductility, maintaining stable mechanical properties from -196℃ to 427℃. Its excellent cold and hot workability and weldability (using ERNiCu-7 welding consumables) facilitate the manufacture of various valves, pump bodies, pipelines, and heat exchangers. A complete range of product forms (plates, bars, tubes, forgings, welding consumables) are available, supporting small-batch trial orders and custom cutting. Efficient delivery is achieved through major ports, providing reliable and long-life material solutions for harsh corrosive environments.
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Product Description

ItemDescription
Product NameMonel Alloy (Monel 400, Nickel-Copper Alloy, NCu30)
Common GradesMonel 400 (UNS N04400, W.Nr. 2.4360):The most widely used nickel-copper corrosion-resistant alloy; solid-solution strengthened, cannot be hardened by heat treatment.Monel K-500 (UNS N05500):Age-hardenable version with Al & Ti addition; provides higher strength and hardness for high-stress applications.Monel R-405 (UNS N04405):Free-machining version of Monel 400 (sulfur 0.025-0.060%) for automatic screw machine applications.Monel 404 / 401:Specialty grades for electronic applications.
UNS No.N04400, N05500, N04405, etc. (varies by grade)
Material TypeNickel-Copper based austenitic corrosion-resistant alloy; solid-solution strengthened (Monel 400/R-405) or precipitation hardened (Monel K-500)
Product FormsPlate, Sheet, Bar (Round/Square), Pipe/Tube (Seamless/Welded), Strip, Wire, Forgings (Flange/Valve Body/Rings), Welding Consumables, Custom Shapes
SpecificationsASTM:B127, B164, B165, B163, B564, B366; ASME SB counterpartsChinese GB:GB/T 15007, GB/T 2054, GB/T 5235, NB/T 47019Others:AMS 4676, BS 3075 NA13, DIN/EN 2.4360, ISO 15156-3 (NACE MR 0175), QQ-N-281
Typical Chemical Composition (wt%)Monel 400 (UNS N04400):Ni+Co ≥63.0 (typically 63.0-70.0), Cu 28.0-34.0, Fe ≤2.5, Mn ≤2.0, C ≤0.30, Si ≤0.50, S ≤0.024Monel K-500 (UNS N05500):Ni ≥63.0, Cu 27.0-33.0, Fe ≤2.0, Al 2.30-3.15, Ti 0.35-0.85, C ≤0.25Monel R-405:Similar to Monel 400, S increased to 0.025-0.060
Physical Properties (Typical)Density:8.80 - 8.83 g/cm³Melting Range:1300 - 1390℃Thermal Conductivity (20℃) :~21.8 W/(m·K); 200℃: 25.2 W/(m·K); 400℃: 29.3 W/(m·K)Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20-100℃) :13.9×10⁻⁶ /KElectrical Resistivity (20℃) :0.547 μΩ·mTensile Modulus of Elasticity:~179 GPa (26,000 ksi)Shear Modulus:~65.5 GPa (9,500 ksi)Magnetic Properties:Curie temperature ~200℃ (non-magnetic above this temperature)
Mechanical Properties (Typical, Various Conditions)Annealed (Room Temperature):Ultimate Tensile Strength: 480-550 MPa (can reach 580-690 MPa in actual tests)Yield Strength (0.2% offset): 170-240 MPa (can reach 260-310 MPa)Elongation (50mm gauge): 35%-50%Hardness: HB 120-150Cold Worked (Room Temperature):UTS: up to 620-700 MPa (790 MPa at 30% cold rolling reduction)YS: up to 480-620 MPaElongation: 5%-15%Elevated Temperature (Annealed, tested at 300℃) :UTS retention ≥85% (vs. room temperature), creep rupture limit ~120 MPa (1,000h)Cryogenic (Annealed, -196℃) :UTS up to ~900 MPa, elongation still >30%, no ductile-brittle transition, Charpy V-notch impact ≥80J
Corrosion ResistanceExcellent corrosion resistance to seawater, brine, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, alkalis, neutral solutions, atmospheres, and organic compounds. This alloy is generally immune to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. More resistant to reducing media than pure nickel, and more resistant to oxidizing media than pure copper.Quantified Data (actual test values) :Seawater: corrosion rate <0.025 mm/y (flow rate 3m/s, 25℃)Hydrofluoric acid (10%, 40℃): ~0.05 mm/ySulfuric acid (80%, room temperature): <0.13 mm/yHigh-temperature steam: <0.026 mm/yPitting potential (chloride media): ~+350 mV (SCE), critical crevice temperature >80℃SCC resistance: ~3.2 times higher than 304 stainless steel (ASTM G36)
Key FeaturesExcellent broad-spectrum corrosion resistance, especially to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, and alkaline environments; high strength with good toughness from cryogenic (-196℃) to elevated temperatures (427℃, up to 538℃ in sulfur-free oxidizing atmospheres); good workability and weldability; can be strengthened by cold work; non-magnetic (above Curie temperature); outstanding resistance to hydrofluoric acid and fluorine gas—one of the few alloys suitable for fluoride service.
Main ApplicationsMarine Engineering:Propeller shafts, pump shafts, condenser tubes, desalination equipment (evaporators, piping), seawater exchangers, marine fasteners. Chemical/Petrochemical:Valves, pumps, reactors, piping systems handling hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid; caustic concentrators; PTA reactor agitator shafts.Oil & Gas:Wellhead valve sealing surfaces in H₂S/CO₂ environments; downhole tools.Nuclear Power:Uranium refining and isotope separation equipment; AP1000 seawater circulation pump impellers (ASME III nuclear grade).Aerospace:Engine fuel control system components (AMS 4676 certified).Others:Pharmaceutical equipment, musical instruments (saxophone tubes), food processing, eyeglass frames, electronic components.
Fabrication & WeldingHot Forming:Temperature 1000-1150℃; uniform heating; finish forging >950℃; air cool after forming. Use protective atmosphere to avoid sulfur/lead contamination.Cold Forming:Good plasticity; moderate work hardening rate; intermediate annealing may be required for multiple passes. For cold deformation >5%, stress relieving or annealing is necessary before service.Welding:Excellent weldability using TIG, MIG, plasma arc, SMAW, or resistance welding. Pulsed arc welding recommended. Use ERNiCu-7 (Monel 60) filler wire or EniCu-7 (Monel 190) electrodes. Can be welded to carbon and low-alloy steels.
Heat TreatmentAnnealing (Stress Relief / Recrystallization) :Heat to 700-900℃ (most commonly 871-982℃), hold sufficient time (typically 1 hour per 25mm thickness), then water quench or rapid air cool. After annealing: hardness HB 120-150, elongation >45%, corrosion resistance restored.Stress Relieving:For cold-worked parts: heat to 538-566℃, hold 1-2 hours, air cool to relieve internal stress without altering grain structure.Aging (Monel K-500 only) :Hold at 480-650℃ for 4-8 hours to precipitate γ’ phase (Ni₃Al); hardness can reach HB 220 (trade-off with potential reduction in corrosion resistance).
PackagingPlate/Sheet:Surface protected (film or rust-preventive oil), stacked with interleaving, steel-strapped on wooden/steel pallets, wrapped with waterproof paper.Bar/Tube:Bundled, plastic/canvas sleeve, secured in steel racks or wooden crates.All packaging meets sea-freight and export standards, moisture/rust/impact protected. Custom packaging (e.g., fumigation-free wooden crates or steel boxes) available.
Storage ConditionsStore indoors in dry, ventilated area, free from corrosive gases. Avoid direct contact with carbon steel or low-alloy steel (prevents galvanic corrosion). Keep surfaces clean, dry, and free from scratches.
Shipping RequirementsNon-hazardous cargo. Protect from rain and heavy impact. Load/unload using slings or forklifts; no dropping or throwing.
Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ)Standard plates/bars: 500kg ~ 2 tons (mixed grades allowed)Trial order: 100-500kg (size and grade limitations)Tubes/Forgings/Welding consumables: negotiable per item
Delivery TimeStock:1-3 working daysFutures (Domestic production) :15-30 working daysFutures (Imported) :8-12 weeks (including ocean freight & customs clearance)
Payment TermsT/T (30% deposit, 70% before shipment or against B/L copy); L/C at sight, D/P accepted; monthly payment for long-term partners negotiable


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